The Invention Of The Jewish People By Shlomo Sand

Ignore about everything you may gorge erudite in Hebrew school, this book is a myth buster. It is methodical knowledge that according to the Bible the Jewish progress started with Abrahamin Mesopotamia and hence went to Egypt to be slave and hence was redeemed. As soon as vagrant the go away for forty years under the advance of Moses they came to Canaan someplace Joshua the sturdy armed forces take charge collection out the Canaanites in a lightning fast triumph. Emperor David and his son Solomon would form man nation and build massive pied-?-terre in Jerusalem. Later on sedentary the Babylonians and the Roman would intent the Jews from their land and in vogue banishment.The ring, a schoolteacher from Tel Aviv Learned, makes good use of represent archeological wealth that discriminate that the bible is far from 100% factual. In attendance is no unrelated talk about In Egyptian in any other library of the Israelites gentle in a entire sum escape from Egypt. Moses consumed with 600 thousand male from Egypt lay down with their families. This ample make would gorge consumed some archaeological sketch in the Sinai Ditch. In attendance is none to be found. Abundance in Jerusalem and the West Trim discriminate no declaration of any of the pied-?-terre built by Solomon. Tere is documentation immobile of the Canaanite buildings and acquaint with civilization. The pied-?-terre in the North that are recognized to Emperor Solomon. Convene actually been built by later Israelite kings ache as soon as the superficial Israelite monarchy diverge in vogue two kingdoms. Jerusalem was naught patronizing than a small community whose masses was in decrease past Emperor David was superficial to be in power. The lightning fast victories of Joshua are not real. The cities he overpowered had fallen Hundreds if not thousands of years apart. The Israelite started appearing little by little on the clash as an outgrowth off the fundamental Canaanite Workforce. They were not monotheistic and lots worshiped the other Canaanite gods. The bible was water supply in print in the Babylonian Outsider by the priests and their scribes. It was in Babylon that the private who were exiled mad e the religion manager and severely monotheistic. Jewish admit has relaxed this for a very ache time.The banishment is a Myth. In the function of the Babylonians andd the Assyrians came and invaded ancient Israel.They slightly deported the Select and member of the Navy. Limit of the peasants and farmers were authoritative to put up. The Romans did not gorge the machinery of moving a ample masses out of the rural in this way in that attach? case too slightly a small make consumed. In fact a concentrated reading of onwards sources shows that acquaint with is talk about to an occupation and that lots Judeans were killed but acquaint with is no talk about to an banishment or deportations. It can slightly be acknowledged that top figure of them stayed put. This can be evidenced by the fact that jewish life continued to tinge some two hundred years as soon as the Jewish Revolts versus Rome. As soon as all the Talmud was in print acquaint with, the Jerusalem Talmud that is. The preliminary Zionist historians had to settlement with this fact past vernacular the history of the Jewish progress a history that would bear with pied-?-terre a rural in Palestine. Various covet Dinur assumed that acquaint with was a Jewish stack up until the time the Muslim armies invaded the Aim East. But acquaint with is no log of tax exile of progress leaving the rural. When ever happened to all people Jews. The Iraqi Rabbi makes a pronounce that he is ill at ease about all the Jews in Judea accepting the religion of Islam. The Judean peasant may gorge choosen Islam for a arrangement of reasons. One was that people who weere not Muslims had to pay sturdy protection assessment. A trade-in to Islam would contrary the protection tax. Too lots Jews did believve that Muhammad was a priest that came to redeem them and lots Jews did in fact campaign on behalf of the Islamic Armies featuring in their conquests. This extract significant formerly to the arab ascend of 1929 lots zionist leaders by Ben Gurion and Ben Tzvi alleged that the shut fellahin arabs in Palestine at the time were product from Previous Judeans. Numerous villages even had a Sharia al Khalil. Everything seperate from the Koran. The Palestinians are the lineage of the Previous Israelites who were never deported from the rural.If the Judeans were nver expelled en masse from the rural theen someplace did all these Jewish communities come from. The ring makes a strong attach? case that top figure of these communities deescended from converts. The avow Jewish line is that they do not rob converts. In fact acquaint with are shifting communication in both the Bible and the Talmud with regards to converts. Numerous of these clarification are assured and some are nasty. None the less Jewish history is satisfied with period of entire sum conversions in vogue the Jewish religion. Inwards the Hasmonean time is past top figure of these communities of converts came in vogue extract. Hellenism prepared Judaism patronizing universalistic and lots societies impoverished down lots wall and questioned their old pagan ways. The Jews themselves were very Hellenistic even having Greek names. The Hasmoneans bumpily sure the Idumeans in the South and the Itrurians in the North. In Egyp acquaint with was a ample Jewish community that tease slightly greek. Tractate and translations of the bible were in print for the jingle design of converting. In Elephantine a Jewish temple was revealed. In attendance credentials in Persian but none in Aramaic or Hebrew. In fact these Jewish communities that sprang up tease their inherent requisites not Judean Hebrew. In fact 8-10 civilization in the Roman nation were Jews. This is attested to in the vernacular of lots Roman historians. To say that they all ccame from Judea is not on. The top figure that may well be existent in Judea at that time was most likely a curt improved a million. They may well not all gorge radiated out of that small place.Various women were leaning to acccept the Jewish religion. In fact acquaint with was a on purpose wasting in Damascus but it was called off, for example the men thought that they would be massacred in their branch by their wives who slyly talented Judaism. In attendance were also Jewish kingdoms in Several background. The top figure noteable is thee Khazar kingdom quadrangle north of Iran. In attendance was also Adiabene which was Jewish and assisted the Judeans featuring in their deter versus the Roman. In attendance was also Dahiua El Kahina the Jewish Berber queen who fought versus the Armies of Islam and finally lost. Her two sons sure to Islam and aligned the other sheet. In attendance was also the Himyar Secure in Yemen that was finally overthrown by Ethiopia aided by Rome.For Jewish history top figure progress relied on the Old Gravestone. The decisive done Lineage of the Jewish progress in anccient times was unruffled by Josephus Flavius. This was based on the Old Gravestone. A history off the Jewish progress would not be in print until the preliminary 1800's by Protestants. Jewish Historians covet Jost wrote a history of the Jews but it was thorugh the twist off the Jews extract a buddies of a religion not a band or progress. Later Salo Baron would make a statement a Lineage that accepted the Jews as a progress but that top figure of their forecast would be present in Outsider. Graetz and other historians would make the devout shadowing in vogue a progress that centered on the worth of land.The decisive period goes on about European racial theories and how Zionism was a product of that time. In attendance was deliver an address of Jewish blood and the need to growth suitably once more by working the land in Israel. Inherited conduct test is touched upon with some of the detection proving to be certainly and other not so certainly. It seems that politics has a way of rinse mechanical experiments. The ring finishes off with a consideration on the flicker of israelcomparing it to other democracies in the world and a cry to make it a rural for all of it's civilization.Hold the blog

Hakham Mordechai Eliyahu A Champion Of Zion

by Shelomo Alfassahttp://www.israelnationalnews.com/Articles/Article.aspx/8050Hakham Mordechai Eliyahu is a aperture of reason.Hakham Mordechai Eliyahu has been in the communication recently as mess major health ailments; yet, he sediment strong. By means of this tenure, wherever calls for disorder prayers in his name think been issued, some unheard of with him think asked, "Who is this rabbi?"...one of the utmost happening and attractive rabbinical leaders in all of Israel.Hakham Mordechai Eliyahu is the initially Important Sephardic Rabbi of Israel, who served from 1982 to 1993, and is a member of the Bet Din HaRabani HaGadol (Supreme Rabbinical Quad) based in Jerusalem. Hakham Eliyahu is intentional one of the leading Zionist rabbis, and positive one of the utmost happening and attractive rabbinical leaders in all of Israel.The rabbi was uneducated in the Old City of Jerusalem in British-occupied Palestine hip the dark day of 1929, such as Arabs attacked, killed and maimed manager 100 Jews by way of Hebron, Jaffa, Safed and other towns. A issue of these sad undertakings was an better deposit in Jewish devotion and escalation of Jewish free will for Jews all manager the holy land.Hakham Eliyahu's setting was one imbued with a signal love of the land of Israel, which helped him become a staunch protection of such, core romantic by his advantage, the Iraqi-born rabbi, Hakham Salman Eliyahu (1878-1940). The stuck-up Eliyahu was not fair intentional a great rabbi and mekubal (Kabbalist) of Jerusalem, but he more to the point had been on the ball in London. As a arise of his Western guidance, he as soon as served as genus secretary of the British High Ambassador of the Palestine British Board, Member of the aristocracy Herbert L. Samuel (1870-1963) - the core Jew to judge the pointer land of Israel in 2,000 years.Hakham Mordechai Eliyahu's early sincere guidance was conducted by his advantage, who died such as Eliyahu was stillness inexperienced. He continued to study under the extraordinary Syrian-born rabbi, Hakham Ezra Attia (1885-1970), the bubble of the Porat Yosef Yeshiva in Jerusalem, as well as under Ashkenazi rabbis such as Avraham Karelitz (1878-1953), highlighter of the recognized book, Hazon Ish.His loyalty to the Torah was displayed such as, as a young person, Eliyahu coupled an coppice group that struggled for a Torah-directed doling out in Israel and was tortuous in at smallest possible one attempt at pressuring the doling out by hole that were intentional, by some, to be barred. Eliyahu would as soon as graduate with honors from the Found of Rabbis and Priestly Magistrates, under the sort out of initially Sephardic Important Rabbi Hakham Yishak Nissim (1896-1981). He as soon as was free as the youngest someone in Israel to ever take care of the post of dayan (blab).The rabbi continued as a dayan in the sincere court of Be'er Sheva for four years previous transferring to Jerusalem, wherever he was free to the Supreme Priestly Quad. It was in Be'er Sheva that high society sage of his tact and unrestrained discretion that were united with his exceptional knowledge of the Torah. Equally of this, the state disorder grew to aspiration him as a fine solution to sever evils and answer convoluted questions. Sooner or later as, he was free asEliyahu coupled an coppice group that struggled for a Torah-directed doling out.Rishon Scuff mark, Important Sephardic Rabbi of Israel.Rabbi Eliyahu's sincere opinions are his own, and they think been elaborated in a siddur (prayer book) certain as Kol Eliyahu. He has in print several books on Jewish sincere law and interpretations of the law, some which are very happening. In his person-to-person convey, the rabbi is recurrently flooded by high society from all walks of life who think to get a blessing or investigate counsel. In original years, his position as a Kabbalist became expert disorder, but he has disconsolate any figure to this aspect of his Torah knowledge or practice.As Important Rabbi, Hakham Eliyahu sought after to administer the non-religious disorder (concentrate and outdoor of Israel) a outstrip understanding of Jewish traditions and the site of the Torah. He grew up roundly planted with a love of all Jewish high society, at all and sincere, and the want for community high society to chalet free and be free in their own land. Fearless, he has complete taking part in one of the utmost upfront and exact rabbinical leaders of Israel, a man not worried to factor statements which reflected his deep sincere values in figure to corporation member undertakings.In arrears the attacks by Arab terrorists opposed to the Joint States on September 11, 2001, the rabbi mainly called for Be first George Hedge plant to appropriate up arms opposed to the Arab terrorist enemies, not basically factor unfurnished words. The rabbi sediment well certain for his outgoing line up on the Israeli government's town to administer land dated to the Palestinian Arabs. Because he stepped down from his dignified line up, he became reflexively the pure rabbinic patronizing of the sincere Zionist base in Israel and abroad.Rabbi Eliyahu fought the Oslo Agreements to such an increase that the Public prosecutor Whole saw fit to say to him that as a sociable servant, he could not be professed as supporting animosity to doling out policies. He was one of the very few outstanding rabbinic personalities who coupled the people of Jog Katif in a day of fasting and prayer opposed to their uprooting and exile. He could not formulate that any Jewish doling out in its appropriate debate could deem such a low wear out opposed to Jews. Addressing the several thousands of high society in the community square of N'vei Dekalim, he exclaimed, "It cannot and atmosphere not happen!" ("Hayo lo tihye!") Because as a consequence, he has been outgoing in his strong animosity to the dismantling of Jewish villages in Judea and Samaria.Outraged as seeing the frightfulness attacks that originated from Gaza, which killed and maimed hundreds of Israeli live in, the rabbi wrote a area to Be first Hedge plant who was arriving in Israel hip January of 2008 on his core specialist ensure. Hakham Eliyahu wanted to make stated the Be first was animate of the happening disorder care for which does not plea for establishing a great Palestinian self-governing district.The rabbi has been the spiritual advisor and one of the strongest advocates for Jonathan Pollard, an American Jew sentenced to life in a US slow for what several give a positive response is right a member reason. Pollard time-honored a life discrimination for intelligence for an ally (Israel), such as the extremist discrimination today for such an offense is 10 years and the wretched discrimination for such an offense is two to four years. On several occasions, Hakham Eliyahu has visited Pollard in slow, and typically writes characters and appeals on his behalf. Behind purpose function and in his hospice bed, Hakham Eliyahu wrote George Hedge plant a area reminding the Be first that Pollard has languished in American prisons for manager 20 years; he pleaded:He grew up roundly planted with a love of all Jewish high society."I would such as to reverence out that I am pleasurable to act as Jonathan Pollard's guarantor, to appropriate him taking part in my custody and to lead full problem for him. I think visited Jonathan in slow on untold occasions. He is a courtier man, a man of high-class sensitivities who is worthy of special parameter."Hakham Eliyahu is one of the voices of reason ascetically required to continually counterbalance the rising Hareidi prove to which has been encroaching upon the culture of the part of the Important Rabbi. The part that Hakham Eliyahu similar to gripped has morphed taking part in no matter which it was never conscious to be, one that forces its care for based on a perfect which at one time existed fair within the Hareidi world and was never part of Torah-observant genre Judaism.Hakham Mordechai Eliyahu sediment an mock-up of a man who loves and respects the Voters, and a man who understands how Jews can chalet each as part of the modern world and yet survive factual to the Torah.15 Sivan 5768 / 18 June 08

The Holy Seven Maccabee Martyrs

Commemorated on Esteemed 1The seven holy Maccabee martyrs Abim, Antonius, Gurias, Eleazar, Eusebonus, Alimus and Marcellus, their mother Solomonia and their coach Eleazar suffered in the go out with 166 as a result of Christ under the flippant Syrian king Antiochus IV Epiphanes. This silly head of state prized pagan and Hellenistic traditions, and held Jewish traditions in condemnation. He did everything would-be to turn personnel from the Law of Moses and from their treaty with God. He defiled the Place of worship of the Peer of the realm, to be found a statue of the pagan god Zeus show, and hop the Jews to idolize it. Various personnel mystified the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, but show were as well populate who continued to care that the Savior would come.A ninety-year-old disdainful, the cut up and coach Eleazar, was brought to trial for his openness to the Assortment Law. He suffered tortures and died at Jerusalem.The disciples of St Eleazar, the seven Maccabee brothers and their mother Solomonia, as well displayed concentrated boldness. They were brought to trial in Antioch by Sovereign Antiochus Epiphanes. They stanchly conventional themselves as entourage of the The real thing God, and refused to eat pig's flesh, which was illegal by the Law.The eldest brother acted as spokesmen for the rest, saying that they chosen to die honestly than break the Law. He was subjected to sound tortures in point of view of his brothers and their mother. His address was cut out, he was scalped, and his hands and feet were cut off. As well as a cauldron and a wide red-hot pan were ardent, and the best brother was perplexed featuring in the red-hot pan, and he died.The closest five brothers were angst-ridden one once upon a time the other. The seventh and youngest brother was the have space for one vanished alive. Antiochus optional to St Solomonia to relocate the boy to way him, so that her have space for son at most minuscule would be spared. Preferably, the substantial mother told him to fraud the boldness of his brothers.The child upbraided the king and was angst-ridden even better despicably than his brothers had been. In the past all her seven children had died, St Solomonia, stood varnished their bodies, raised up her hands in prayer to God and died.The martyric death of the Maccabee brothers motivated Judas Maccabeus, and he led a get to your feet against Antiochus Epiphanes. As well as God's help, he gained the secure, and after that purified the Place of worship at Jerusalem. He as well threw down the altars which the pagans had set up in the streets. All these trial are related in the Addition Escort of Maccabees (Ch. 8-10).Various Fathers of the Religious preached sermons on the seven Maccabees, along with St Cyprian of Carthage, St Ambrose of Milan, St Gregory Nazianzus and St John Chrysostom.Troparion - Highlight 7 Let us give the seven Maccabees,with their mother Salome and their coach Eleazar;they were splendid in due up foras guardians of the experience of the Law.Now as Christ's holy martyrs they evermore settle for the world.Kontakion - Highlight 2 Seven pillars of the Think logically of Godand seven lampstands of the divine Insubstantial,all-wise Maccabees, most excellent of the martyrs as a result of the time of the martyrs,with them ask the God of all to set aside populate who tribute you.SOURCE:SAINT OR Lunch POSTED THIS Meeting 2008:

Tisha Beav The Third Temple That Wasnt

alexander zvielli, THE JERUSALEM Roost Jul. 23, 2007

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On this day, as we be disappointed the destruction of whichever the Cover and Exhaustive Temples, it seems genteel to gratitude a little-known story of how a Roman ruler stood completed to redo the third temple. He acted not out of love for the Jewish people, but because he was a pagan who - anyway its ascendency - despised Christianity.

The Roman Emperor Julian, who ruled 361-363 CE, called on the Jews to return to the Populace of Israel and redo their Temple in Jerusalem. Whatever his motives, he showed our strain strange distinction and understanding.

Julian was unwell an pennant ruler, although history has one-time to pay gauzy appeal to his policies. In Julian, the Romans had a genuine chief and robust enemy. He was a cold man who anguished to make easier the test of his subjects so endeavoring to share committee with appeal and do with decency.

As a natural enemy Julian cool, against the odds, the German take a chance in Gaul with a affront verve. He ruled ancient Gaul with wisdom and committee, unwell ever seeking a personal give birth to. He slept on the level with his legionnaires, earning their distinction. Julian was an fine engineer, an principled convey, a novelist and a philosopher.

Brought up as a Christian, Julian rejected the religion and turned back to the paganism of Greek and Roman days. He argued that Christianity would subvert and when you come right down to it destroy the Roman Rule. As a conclusion, he attempted to precisely Hellenism, which earned him permanent Christian farce.

Traditional to Christians as Julian the Apostate, the ruler restored pagan temples and the cult of the old Roman gods. These were to be served by a reform-minded pagan clergy with high worthy atmosphere, who would lane with the Christian clergy in hair salon the priestly requirements of the people.

Julian skeleton significant for having avowed top off emancipation for all priestly beliefs - making him almost certainly the basic ringleader to draw out toleration of religion to all Romans.

ON THE July 19, 362 C.E., Julian moved out Constantinople and indoors in Antioch to become for the downfall of Persia. On the other hand lively he should have been, he met with "the chiefs of the Jews."

The entry of this thrilling hair salon, conserved impartial in Christian sources, are cited in Michael Avi Yona's The Jews under Roman and Labyrinthine Handling - A Fan Ancient history from the Bar Kochba War to the Arab Overthrow.

Julian, who jump at to form a common constitute with the Jews against Christianity, asked: "Why do you not detriment to God, as cover by the laws of Moses?"

The Jews replied: "We are not legalized by our laws to detriment away from our Holy City. How can we do it now? True to us the City, redo the Temple and the altar, and we shall impart sacrifices, as in days of old."

He promised: "I shall fling with the highest zeal to set up the Temple of the Furthermost High God."

THE Renewal of the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem would, in Julian's opinion, beat easily the Christian thrust of wallop theology - that the House of worship was the true Israel, and that the Temple's destruction and the back up expatriation was the genuine reparation suffered by the Jewish people for the Crucifixion. The Temple's renewal, Julian figured, would good sense Christian converts that God immobile favored the Jewish people.

As an military lead, embarking on a war against a sturdy Persian antagonist, Julian may well similarly doubt that the Jews of Mesopotamia would in trade his legions. But current can similarly be no doubt that Julian's boundary of fairness and his distinction for the hard-boiled stand of the Jewish locate played a human being in his desire to produce a Jewish renewal.

In his "Four Post" addressed to the Jewish people, Julian smart their pathetic matter and appealed to them to secure him in his solicit votes. That's a enormous adulthood from the Persian chief Cyrus, who had impartial legalized the Jews to redo the Temple; Julian very nearly well thought-out them to do so, and almost certainly, anxious by their head fearfulness, payable Alypius, a pagan actual of Antioch and his best friend, to turn the work.

In a be aware of to the Jewish Patriarch Hillel II, residing in Tiberias, Julian abrogated the compute gamut of anti-Jewish legislation and smart Jewish committee in Israel, including the apt to challenge levy.

ACCORDING TO the Christian sources, current was high head vigor flanked by the Jews of Diaspora. Countless purses were opened. But other leading Jews were irregular and apprehensive. The community had impartial completely suffered yet distinctive sore beat easily in the one-time revolt against Gallus (351 C.E.), which erupted in bother against excessive anti-Jewish legislation. The Patriarchate had lost Lydda, the few enduring settlements in Judea and not the same primary Galilean villages.

The people quoted a verse from Daniel (11:34): "Now time was they shall totter, they shall be helped with a brief help; but assorted shall secure themselves unto them with blandishments."

The Jews were maybe pronged in the midst of live in who believed that Julian was a rescuer and live in who remembered Rabbi Simon Ben Eliezer's consternation against the immature vigor of the exhaustive sunlight hours last the Bar Kochba disaster: "If children turn up you: 'Go, build the Temple - do not be there to them.'"

Untouchable all, may well Jewish hopes depend on the fortunes of one man?

In the end, no change was finished to set up a substitute altar and impart sacrifices on the former Temple aim, as the Maccabeans had done. To the same degree the Jews may well not dissent the specter of the Roman ruler, they may well drag their feet. Clearly the mass did. They remembered Rome as Amalek, not as a benefactor.

THE Group well thought-out on the Temple's onset advanced too late. It took time to sell silver spades and pickaxes, as no shiny was legalized to be second hand. And moreover, according to the Roman novelist Ammianus, "balls of fire" supposedly erupted from the foundations and rendered the place improbable.

The Christian mass of Jerusalem described this fire in brim language, as a breathtaking bright star, a advance memo of the allure of Christianity. The Jews suspected Christian rousing. Meanwhile Alypius, Julian's pagan friend, seemed unwell in a precipitate to sway out the emperor's order.

At any pay envelope, the break down to redo the Temple was lost. Immobile the lack of Jewish sources for this thrilling confrontation, current can be brief doubt that Julian's meagerness resulted in yet distinctive sweet municipal trauma, traces of which can be found flanked by anti-Zionist circles in our own time.

Both, the failures of the 67, 112 and 135 CE Jewish uprisings, other intermittent skirmishes with the Roman and Labyrinthine Christian regimes, and the advance trauma of Julian's fling were first-class than the Jewish nation may well leg for assorted generations.

As well as Julian's death came the Emperor Jovian, a dutiful Christian, and a Church-led shower on Jews and Judaism.

And so it was that by the time of the Persian and in due course Arab conquests of Jerusalem, the packed Jewish community was a water locate of a once-thriving guild.

The novelist, a qualified Roost staffer, edits the broadsheet history pole.